Understanding Clubfoot (CTEV) in Children

Clubfoot, also known as Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV), is one of the most common congenital orthopedic conditions in children. Many parents feel anxious when they notice their newborn’s foot is twisted or turned inward. The good news is that with early diagnosis and proper treatment, most children with clubfoot can walk, run, and live normal lives.

What is Clubfoot (CTEV)?

Clubfoot is a condition where a baby’s foot is turned inward and downward at birth. It can affect one or both feet. The deformity occurs due to abnormal development of muscles, ligaments, and bones around the foot and ankle during pregnancy.

Causes of Clubfoot

The exact cause is still not fully understood, but some possible reasons include:

• Genetic factors – Family history may increase the risk.

• Environmental factors – Poor uterine space or conditions during pregnancy.

• Neurological conditions – Sometimes linked with cerebral palsy or spina bifida.

Symptoms of Clubfoot

• The foot is twisted inward or downward.

• The calf muscles may appear smaller or thinner.

• In severe cases, the leg length may look slightly different.

• The child may have difficulty standing or walking without treatment.

How is Clubfoot Treated?

Early treatment is very important for the best results. Common treatment methods include:

1. Ponseti Method (Casting & Bracing)

   • A series of casts are applied to gradually correct the deformity.

   • After correction, a brace is used to maintain the position.

2. Surgical Treatment

   • In some severe or neglected cases, surgery may be needed to release tight tissues and correct alignment.

3. Ilizarov Technique

   • Used for complex or neglected clubfoot cases, especially in older children.

   • A specialized external fixator gradually corrects the deformity.

Importance of Early Detection

The earlier treatment begins (ideally within weeks after birth), the better the outcome. Most children treated early can lead completely normal, active lives.